3) Cognitive Leaning Theory
Many cognitive theories focus on how people think about the information they receive from the environment. In cognitive Learning theory students learn through visual and auditory process. They learn more on listening and seen the pictures or the activities regarding the lesson. The teacher who knows about this theory should have enough knowledge and be prepared to make the lesson more interactive with the involvement of the students.
This theory mainly focus on how a student acquires, processes, stores, retrieves and activates his knowledge during the different phases of the process of learning and making knowledge meaningful and helping students organize and relate new information to prior knowledge in memory.
Edward Proposed:
- Learning can occur without reinforcement
- Learning can occur without a change in behaviour
- Intervening variables must be considered
- Behaviour is purposive
- Expectation of fact behaviour
- learning results in an organized body of information.
Gestalt - He emphasized the importance of organizational processes of perception, learning, and problem solving.
• Perception is often different from reality. This includes optical illusions.
• The whole is more than the sum of its parts.
• The organism structures and organizes experience.
• The organism is predisposed to organize experience in particular ways
Basic assumptions of cognitive learning theory;
1. Memory system is an active organized processor of information.
2. That prior knowledge plays an important role in learning.
3. Some learning processes may be unique to human beings.
4. Learning involves the formation of mental representations or associations that are not necessarily reflected in overt behavior changes.
5. People are actively involved in the learning process.
6. Knowledge is organized.”
7. Objective, systematic observations of people’s behavior should be the focus of scientific inquiry
8. Many cognitive theories focus on how people think about the information they receive from the environment-
9. How they perceive the stimuli around them,
10. How they put what they ’ve perceived into their memories,
11. How they “find” what they ’ve learned when they need to use it, and so own…collectively known as “information processing theory” (Ormrod, 2008, p. 163).
1. Memory system is an active organized processor of information.
2. That prior knowledge plays an important role in learning.
3. Some learning processes may be unique to human beings.
4. Learning involves the formation of mental representations or associations that are not necessarily reflected in overt behavior changes.
5. People are actively involved in the learning process.
6. Knowledge is organized.”
7. Objective, systematic observations of people’s behavior should be the focus of scientific inquiry
8. Many cognitive theories focus on how people think about the information they receive from the environment-
9. How they perceive the stimuli around them,
10. How they put what they ’ve perceived into their memories,
11. How they “find” what they ’ve learned when they need to use it, and so own…collectively known as “information processing theory” (Ormrod, 2008, p. 163).
Conclusion
Teaching is not just giving a lecture in front of the group of students. Teaching facilitates students to learn and understand the subject matter. The teacher should not keep the students sitting for 40 minutes, but he should enhance students centered learning environment for the students to gain maximum out of the lesson.
In my opinion as educators / teachers we must observe students learning behaviours, their attitudes to wards learning, for that we must consider the environment inside and out side the classroom and their personal needs and ideals as well.
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